单词：abandon

音标：[ə'bændən]

解释：v./n.放弃；放纵

红宝书：【英】 v./n.放弃(to give up completely; desert, forsake)；放纵(unrestrained freedom or emotion)【考】 inhibition: abandon / agitation: tranquility(禁欲不放纵 / 躁动不宁静)abandon : inhibition / despair : hope(放纵无禁止/绝望无 希望)【记】 尤其要记住GRE中常考 的'放纵'一义(abando ned behavior)【同】 n. abandonment

字源：abandon (v.) late 14c., "to give up, surrender (oneself or something), give over utterly; to yield (oneself) utterly (to religion, fornication, etc.)," from Old French abandoner (12c.), from adverbial phrase à bandon "at will, at discretion," from à "at, to" (see ad-) + bandon "power, jurisdiction," from Latin bannum, "proclamation," from a Frankish word related to ban (v.).Mettre sa forest à bandon was a feudal law phrase in the 13th cent. = mettre sa forêt à permission, i.e. to open it freely to any one for pasture or to cut wood in; hence the later sense of giving up one's rights for a time, letting go, leaving, abandoning. [Auguste Brachet, "An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language," transl. G.W. Kitchin, Oxford, 1878]Etymologically, the word carries a sense of "put someone under someone else's control." Meaning "to give up absolutely" is from late 14c. Related: Abandoned; abandoning.abandon (n.) "a letting loose, surrender to natural impulses," 1822, from a sense in French abandon (see abandon (v.). Borrowed earlier (c.1400) from French in a sense "(someone's) control;" and compare Middle English adverbial phrase at abandon, i.e. "recklessly," attested from late 14c.

不择手段背单词：vt. /n. 放弃, 遗弃 = forsake; 放纵【例】Do not abandon yourself to drinking 不要沉溺于饮酒.【记】a+band乐队+on, 一个乐队在舞台上. 想想黑豹、唐朝、零点等疯狂的摇滚乐队, 不仅他们在放纵, 你们听他们的歌本身也是一种放纵.【类】inhibition: abandon = agitation: tranquility禁欲不放纵 = 激动不宁静calmness: frenzy = despair: hope 平静不狂暴 = 绝望不希望frenzy: calm = abandon: prohibit 使平静消除狂暴 = 禁止消除放任【反】salvage(vt 海上救助)

趣味全助记：【记】看成ab否定 + band 带子，约束+ on，不约束，放纵

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单词：abash

音标：[ə'bæʃ]

解释：v.使害羞，使尴尬

红宝书：【记】 中间有灰ash，灰头灰 脸的反义词: embolden(v. 使 … 大胆)

字源：abash (v.) "perplex, embarrass," early 15c., earlier "lose one's composure, be upset" (late 14c.), from Old French esbaiss-, present stem of esbaer "gape with astonishment," from es "out" (see ex-) + ba(y)er "to be open, gape," from Latin *batare "to yawn, gape," from root *bat, possibly imitative of yawning. Related: Abashed; abashing. Bashful is a 16c. derivative.

不择手段背单词：无

趣味全助记：【记】bash打；音近于embarrass 使困窘； 麻烦；音：阿白氏，这个女子很羞涩

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单词：abate

音标：[ə'beit]

解释：v.减轻，减少

红宝书：【英】 v.减轻，减少(to make less in amount; wane)【考】 abate : tax / alleviate : distress(减少税收/减轻压力)反义词: augment(增加); intensify(加强); promote(促进)【记】 a+bate(走，打)→走 下去→减轻【同】 同根词：rebate(回扣 ), debate(辩论)

字源：abate (v.) "put an end to" (c.1300); "to grow less, diminish in power or influence" (early 14c.), from Old French abattre "beat down, cast down," from Vulgar Latin *abbatere, from Latin ad "to" (see ad-) + battuere "to beat" (see batter (v.)). Secondary sense of "to fell, slaughter" is in abatis and abattoir. Related: Abated; abating.

不择手段背单词：vt. 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻 = wane = annihilate = eradicate = exterminate = extirpate; (法令等)被废除 = abolish【例】abate a tax 减税The medicine abated her pain 这种药减轻了她的痛苦.【根】bate打【参】rebate(vt 给回扣), debate(v 辩论)【记】ab离开, ate吃eat的过去式. 离开吃的, 惯用的减肥方法, 目的是使自己的体重(减轻), 使自己的公斤数(在数量上减少).【区】abase(v 使谦卑)把s想象成一个人跪着【类】abate: tax = alleviate: distress = abate: force = fade: loudness减少税收 = 减轻压力 = 减轻力量 = 减弱声音abate: degree = discount: price = attenuate: thickness减轻程度 = 减少价格 = 使薄减少厚度abate: intensity = alleviate: intensity = taper: width减轻强度 = 减轻: 强度 = 使逐渐变细减少宽度thin: density[intensity] = abate: length使变薄减少密度[强度] = 减少长度【反】augment(v 增加); intensify(v 加强); promote(v 促进); increase in intensity(剧烈增长)

趣味全助记：【记】a + bat用球棒打，beat， battle 打→打下去；bate 减弱；【相关】rebate 回扣,减少, debate 争论, 辩论, probate 遗嘱检验，reprobate 非难

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单词：abbreviate

音标：[ə'bri:vieit]

解释：v.缩短；缩写

红宝书：【英】 v. 缩短(make shorter)；缩写(shor ten a word or phrase);【考】 abbreviate : sentence / abridge : essay(缩短句子/缩写文章)反义词: extend(扩展); prolong(延长)【记】 ab+brev(短)+iate【同】 派生词: abbreviation(缩短, 缩写)同根词：brevity(简 短)

字源：abbreviate (v.) mid-15c., from Latin abbreviatus, past participle of abbreviare "to shorten" (see abbreviation). Also sometimes 15c. abbrevy, from Middle French abrevier (14c.), from Latin abbreviare. Related: Abbreviated; abbreviating.

不择手段背单词：v. 缩写, 简化 = curtail = retrench = slash【例】to abbreviate the December to Dec 把December 简写为 Dec【根】brev短; 参: brevity(n 简短)【类】abbreviate: sentence = abridge: essay 缩短句子 = 缩写文章abbreviation: sentence = synopsis: narrative缩写缩短句子 = 大纲缩短叙述abridge: word = abbreviate: letter 删减词语 = 缩短文字【反】extend(v 扩展); prolong(v 延长)

趣味全助记：【记】ab + brev(短)；brief 摘要，简短的，ie=e, f=v→brev【相关】abridge 删节, 削减

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单词：abdicate

音标：['æbdikeit]

解释：v.退位，辞职，放弃

红宝书：【英】 v.让位，辞职，放弃( to give up a throne, authority)【考】 abdicate : throne / resign : office(放弃王位/放弃职位)反义词: usurp(篡夺); assume(担当官位);co nstitute(任命)【记】 ab+dic(说话，命令)+ ate→不再命令→退位；【同】 派生词: abdication(n. 退位), abdicator(n. 退位者)同根词：dictator(命 令者，独裁者); indicate(表示, 暗示)

字源：abdicate (v.) 1540s, "to disown, disinherit (children)," from Latin abdicatus, past participle of abdicare "to disown, disavow, reject" (specifically abdicare magistratu "renounce office"), from ab- "away" (see ab-) + dicare "proclaim," from stem of dicere "to speak, to say" (see diction). Meaning "divest oneself of office" first recorded 1610s. Related: Abdicated; abdicating.

不择手段背单词：v. (正式)放弃(权力、高职位或责任) = relinquish = shed = slough【例】to abdicate the office 辞职abdicate a right 放弃权利【根】ab远离, dic宣布, 说话, 命令－宣布远离, 远离命令－退位ab远离, dicate = dictator(n 独裁者)－放弃权力【参】abdicator(n 退位者); indicate(v 表示, 暗示)【类】abdicate: throne = resign: office = recant: belief放弃王位 = 放弃职位 = 放弃信仰【反】usurp(v 纂夺); assume(v 担任官位); constitute(v 任命)

趣味全助记：【记】ab+dic(说话,命令)+ate→不再命令→退位；【相关】diction 说话，措辞，dictator 独裁者, dictionary 词典

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单词：aberrant

音标：[æ'berənt]

解释：a.越轨的；异常的

红宝书：【英】 越轨的(turning away from what is right)；异常的(deviating from what is normal)【考】 反义词: normal(正常的); typical(典型的)【记】 ab+err(错误)+ant→ 走向错误→越轨的【同】 派生词: aberrance, aberration(n. 越轨行为)同根词：errant(错误 的，离正道的), erratic(古怪的)

字源：aberrant (adj.) 1798, originally in natural history, from Latin aberrantem (nominative aberrans), present participle of aberrare "to wander away, go astray" (see aberration).

不择手段背单词：adj. 越轨的, 脱轨的(偏离常规轨道的); 不正常的 = deviant【例】a rocket on an aberrant course 逸出轨道的火箭【根】err错误－走向错误－越轨的读: a掰扔她－跟她分手后再扔了她－越轨的【参】errant(adj 错误的, 离正道的); erratic(adj 古怪的)【类】aberrant: standard = digressive: topic异常的离开标准 = 离题的离开主题【反】normal(adj 正常的); typical(adj 典型的)

趣味全助记：【记】ab + error 错误 →走错→越轨的

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单词：aberration

音标：[`æbə'reiʃən]

解释：n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形

红宝书：无

字源：aberration (n.) 1590s, "a wandering, straying," from Latin aberrationem (nominative aberratio) "a wandering," noun of action from past participle stem of aberrare "to wander out of the way, lose the way, go astray," from ab- "away" (see ab-) + errare "to wander" (see err). Meaning "deviation from the normal type" first attested 1846.

不择手段背单词：无

趣味全助记：无

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单词：abet

音标：[ə'bet]

解释：v.教唆，鼓励，帮助

红宝书：【英】 v.教唆，协助(罪犯) (to incite or help in wrongdoing)【考】 abet : assistance / counsel : guidance(教唆是一种帮助/忠 告是一种指导)反义词: frustrate(使灰心); stymie(阻碍); forestall(预先阻止) ; thwart(阻碍); impede(阻碍)【同】 n. abetment, abettor【例】 He abetted the thief in robbing the bank.

字源：abet (v.) late 14c. (implied in abetting), from Old French abeter "to bait, to harass with dogs," literally "to cause to bite," from a- "to" (see ad-) + beter "to bait," from a Germanic source, perhaps Low Franconian betan "incite," or Old Norse beita "cause to bite," from Proto-Germanic *baitjan, from PIE root *bheid- "to split" (see fissure). Related: Abetted; abetting.

不择手段背单词：vt. 教唆, 煽动, 帮助 = foment = instigate = provoke【例】abet an ill-doer 助纣为虐【源】源于bet = bait[饵]有引诱的意思【记】a一再, bet赌博. 记住, 这不是你的错, 一定是有人教唆你, 因为麻将三缺一!【区】abut(v 接界、毗连). a一个, but但是(连词). 何谓连词, 就是连接两个分句的词, 引申为连接两个国家的边界.【类】abet: assistance = counsel: guidance教唆是一种帮助 = 忠告是一种指导abet: encouragement = elucidate: clarity教唆的结果是鼓励 = 阐明的结果是清晰【反】frustrate(v 使灰心); stymie(v 阻碍); forestall(v 预先阻止); thwart(vt 阻碍); impede(v 阻碍); obstruct(v 阻隔; 阻塞)

趣味全助记：【记】源自bait 饵, 以饵引诱；a + bet 赌博，赌博开始都是教唆的

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单词：abeyance

音标：[ə'beiəns]

解释：n.中止，搁置

红宝书：【英】 n. 中止，搁置(temporar y suspension of an activity )【考】 反义词: continuance(继续)【例】 The deal was held in abeyance until her arrival.

字源：abeyance (n.) 1520s, from Anglo-French abeiance "suspension," also "expectation (especially in a lawsuit)," from Old French abeance "aspiration, desire," noun of condition of abeer "aspire after, gape" from à "at" (see ad-) + ba(y)er "be open," from Latin *batare "to yawn, gape" (see abash).Originally in French a legal term, "condition of a person in expectation or hope of receiving property;" it turned around in English law to mean "condition of property temporarily without an owner" (1650s). Root baer is also the source of English bay (n.2) "recessed space," as in "bay window."

不择手段背单词：n. 中止, 搁置, 保留(暂时地搁置一边的状态) = doldrums = latency; [法]未决(未定归属待定的状态, 如尚未分配的房产)【例】The law goes into abeyance 这项法律停止生效.【记】ab离开, ey = eye眼睛, ance名词后缀. 何谓离开眼睛? 大家小时候是不是在老师、家长的监督下做作业(不是也得是, 想不想背单词了, 别擡杠! ). 当他们的眼睛盯着你的时候, 作的特别认真是吧! 一旦他们的眼睛离开了, 不在家了, 你是不是就放风了, 你是不是就中止、搁置了做作业这项神圣的活动了. 读: 我被摁死! －想不停止也不行了【类】temporary inactivity: suspension暂时的静止是暂停另一半没记下来. (还会出现这种情况, 不作赘述)【反】continuance(n 继续)【九阴真经第三章】变本加"quot;"quot;利"quot;"quot;. 俗话说: 分、分、分, 学生的命根; 我说: 变、编、辩, 背词儿的法宝. 变是基础. 像eat到ate, 像ey到eye!还有很多的变, 大家慢慢体会, 培养敏感细胞. 编是纽带. 编故事谁都会, 关键是联系中英文, 关键是印象深刻! 辩是没有办法的办法. 辩是狡辩的辩, 譬如: cinder(n 煤渣, 矿渣). 发音酷似: 辛迪(克劳夫)－世界名模, 我就说他是渣滓, 因为网上有很多不堪入目的图片. 你不能因为盲目崇拜而放弃一个背单词的机会!

趣味全助记：【记】ab不 + obey →不听从→停止

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单词：abhor

音标：[əb'hɔ:]

解释：v.憎恨，嫌恶

红宝书：【英】 v.憎恨，嫌恶(to shrink from in hatred; detest; hate)【考】 反义词: adore(热爱); greatly admire(非常仰慕)【记】 ab+hor(恨，怕)【同】 同根词：horrible(可 怕的)，horrid

字源：abhor (v.) mid-15c., from Latin abhorrere "shrink back from, have an aversion for, shudder at," from ab- "away" (see ab-) + horrere "tremble at, shudder," literally "to bristle, be shaggy," from PIE *ghers- "start out, stand out, rise to a point, bristle" (see horror). Related: Abhorred; abhorring.

不择手段背单词：vt. 憎恶, 痛恨 = abominate = detest = execrate = loathe = contemn = disdain【例】He abhor to tell lies 他痛恨撒谎.【根】hor发抖, 恨, 怕【参】horrible(adj 可怕的); horrid(adj 恐怖的, 令人讨厌的)【反】adore(vt 热爱); greatly admire(非常仰慕)

趣味全助记：【记】ab否定 + horror 惊骇, 恐怖, 极端厌恶【相关】horrible 可怕的, 恐怖的

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单词：abhorrent

音标：[əb'hɔrənt]

解释：a.可恨的，讨厌的

红宝书：【英】 adj. 可恨的，可厌的(caus ing disgust or hatred; detestable; hateful);【考】 abhorrence : dislike / adoration : fondness(憎恶是十分讨厌/爱 慕是十分喜欢)【同】 派生词: abhorrence(n.憎恶)

字源：abhorrent (adj.) 1610s, "in a position or condition to recoil," usually with from; from Latin abhorentem (nominative abhorrens), present participle of abhorrere; see abhor. Meaning "repugnant" is from 1650s. Earlier was abhorrable (late 15c.).

不择手段背单词：adj. 令人生厌的, 令人反感的, 引起厌恶的 = Disgusting = loathsome = repellent = n repugnance = n loathing【例】Violence is abhorrent to her 她厌恶暴力.【例】It'apos;s abhorrent to his idea 这是和他的意见相反的.【类】abhorrence: dislike = adoration: fondness憎恶是十分讨厌 = 爱慕是十分喜欢

趣味全助记：【记】ab否定 + horror 惊骇, 恐怖, 极端厌恶【相关】horrible 可怕的, 恐怖的

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单词：abide

音标：[ə'baid]

解释：v.容忍，忍受

红宝书：【英】 v.容忍，忍受( put up with)【记】 abide=tolerate，和 词组abide by(遵守)意义不同【例】 I cannot abide rude people.

字源：abide (v.) Old English abidan, gebidan "remain, wait, delay, remain behind," from ge- completive prefix (denoting onward motion; see a- (1)) + bidan "bide, remain, wait, dwell" (see bide). Originally intransitive (with genitive of the object: we abidon his "we waited for him"); transitive sense emerged in Middle English. Meaning "to put up with" (now usually negative) first recorded 1520s. Related: Abided; abiding. The historical conjugation is abide, abode, abidden, but the modern formation is now generally weak.

不择手段背单词：vt. 忍受, 忍耐(用于否定和疑问) = tolerate【例】I cannot abide her 我对她忍无可忍.【组】abide by 遵守...; 依从...abide by the rules 遵守条律【记】a一人, bid投标. 只有一人投标. 大家参加过拍卖会吗? 如果一件拍品只有一人投标, 对于拍卖官来说是很痛苦的一件事情, 他必须(容忍), 力求激发会场的热情, 擡高价格. 但是, 事与愿违, 只有一人投标, 所以只能(忍受)一锤定音的痛苦了. Ab离开, id = ID卡. 我们的生活离开ID卡要[忍受]一定的痛苦. Ab离开, I爱, de拼: 的－离开爱的: 考GRE就要离开爱, 但是为了事业, 你要容忍, 忍受.【反】miscreant(n 有罪的人)－law-abiding individual(遵守法纪的人)

趣味全助记：【记】源自bide 居住,滞留,忍受；a bid, 招标就须遵守与容忍；forbid 禁止，需要abide【相关】abide by 遵守

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单词：abject

音标：['æbdʒekt]

解释：a.极可怜的;卑下的

红宝书：【英】 极可怜的(miserable; wretched)；卑下的(lacking self-respect; degraded; base)【考】 反义词：exultant(欢 跃的)【记】 ab+ject(抛扔)→抛掉 的→可怜的【同】 同根词：reject(抛弃 ，拒绝)， projectile（投射物）

字源：abject (adj.) early 15c., "cast off, rejected," from Latin abiectus, past participle of abicere "to throw away, cast off; degrade, humble, lower," from ab- "away, off" (see ab-) + iacere "to throw" (past participle iactus; see jet (v.)). Figurative sense of "downcast, brought low" first attested 1510s. Related: Abjectly; abjectness.

不择手段背单词：adj. 悽苦可怜的; 下贱的(状况或地位卑贱的); 被鄙视的 = downtrodden = underfoot【例】an abject liar 卑鄙的说谎者 abject poverty 一贫如洗【根】ab离, ject抛, 扔－被遗弃－可怜的因为被reject, 所以abject【参】reject(v 抛弃, 拒绝); projectile(n 投射物)【反】exultant(adj 欢跃的); spirited(adj 英勇的); exciting(adj 令人兴奋激动的)

趣味全助记：【记】ab 否定，+ ject 抛，射， 不要被抛掉了；object 反对【相关】abject 可怜的，deject 使沮丧，eject 逐出 喷射，inject 注射 注入，interject 插嘴, 突然插入，object 物体 反对，project 发射 放映 工程，reject 拒绝，subject 主题，traject 传导

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单词：abjure

音标：[əb'dʒuə]

解释：v.发誓放弃

红宝书：【英】 誓绝(to give up on oath; renounce)；弃绝 ( recant)【考】 反义词: espouse(支持拥护); affirm(坚决肯定); embrace(拥护)【记】 ab+jure(发誓)→发誓 去掉→弃绝【同】 同根词：perjury(伪 誓，伪证)， jury（陪审团）

字源：abjure (v.) early 15c., from Middle French abjurer or directly from Latin abiurare "deny on oath," from ab- "away" (see ab-) + iurare "to swear," related to ius (genitive iuris) "law" (see jurist). Related: Abjured; abjuring.

不择手段背单词：vt. 发誓弃绝(信仰等) = renounce; 公开放弃(国籍、权利等)forswear = recall = recant = retract【例】abjure one'apos;s religion 发誓放弃宗教信仰【根】ab远离, jure发誓－发誓远离－誓绝【参】perjury(n 伪誓, 伪证); jury(n 陪审团)【类】abjure: reject 发誓放弃: 拒绝【反】espouse(v 支持); affirm(v 坚决肯定); embrace(v 拥护)

趣味全助记：【记】ab不+jure 发誓→发誓不要→弃绝；jury 陪审团【相关】abjure 发誓放弃, adjure 起誓, 恳请, conjure 施魔法召唤,jury 陪审团,objurgate 怒吵，告上法庭,perjure 发伪誓

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单词：ablution

音标：[ə'blu:ʃən]

解释：n.(宗教的)净礼，沐浴

红宝书：【英】 n. (宗教的)净礼，沐浴( a washing of the body as a religious ceremony)【记】 ab+lut(冲，洗)+ion →沐浴【同】 同根词：dilute（冲 淡，稀释）， antediluvian(史前的 ，大洪水以前的，luv =lut)

字源：ablution (n.) "ritual washing," late 14c., from Latin ablutionem (nominative ablutio), noun of action from past participle stem of abluere "to wash off," from ab- "off" (see ab-) + luere "wash," related to lavere (see lave).

不择手段背单词：n. 洗礼(洗净身体－作为宗教仪式的一部份)【例】perform [make] one'apos;s ablution 斋戒沐浴【根】ab离开, lut冲, 洗－洗礼读: a blue神: 一个蓝色的神是海神, 可以洗礼你的灵魂!【参】dilute(v 冲淡, 稀释); antediluvian (adj 史前的, 大洪水以前的, luv = lut)

趣味全助记：【记】ab + lut 冲,洗→沐浴；ab + lotion 音：露水，洗液，用来洗身子的；音：露身，露着身体沐浴

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